Definitions

= Some Learning Theories in each stage of society: = Modernism Society = behaviorists, cognitivism, objectivism, positivist, pragmatism, Postmodern Society = connectivism, constructivism, critical realism, post-positivism. relativism, subjectivism

__Modernism Society__- behaviorism- the theory, that (B.F. Skinner's black box- input and outputs are measurable (truth) what goes on in between is unmeasurable, therefore irrelevant. cognitivism- the theory that often takes a computer information processing model. Learning is viewed as a process of inputs, managed in short term memory, and coded for long-term recall. Knowledge is viewed as symbolic mental constructs in the learner's mind, and the learning process is the means by which these symbolic representations are committed to memory. objectivism- the theory (similar to behaviorism) that states that reality is external and is objective, and knowledge is gained through experiences. positivism- the theory that pragmatism- the theory (similar to cognitivism) that states that reality is interpreted, and knowledge is negotiated through experience and thinking. __ Postmodern Society- __ connectivism- the theory of learning that asserts that knowledge and learning are not (about) content, but connection. constructivism- the theory (similar to interpretivism) that states that reality is internal, and knowledge is constructed. critical realism- the theory that observation is fallible and has error, and all theory is revisable. The post-positivist critical-realist believes that there is a reality independent of our thinking about it that science can study. The critical realist is //critical // of our ability to know reality with certainty. They believe that t //he goal of science is to hold steadfastly to the goal of getting it right about reality, even though we can never achieve that goal //! post-positivism- the theory that relativism- the theory that knowledge is relative to the limited nature of the mind and the conditions of knowing. Relativists believe that ethical truths depend on the individuals and groups holding them subjectivism- <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">the theory that limits knowledge to subjective experience and stresses the subjective elements in experience. Subjectivists believe that the supreme good is the realization of a subjective experience or feeling (as pleasure) and that individual feeling or apprehension is the ultimate criterion of the good and the right. They hold that there is no external reality. (we're each making this all up!! As if!!!)